The first football heroes were amateurs like AF Kinnaird, C W Alcock and G O Smith of Oxford and the Corinthians. Amateurs founded the Football Association in 1863, and all-amateur clubs contested the first FA Cup in 1872.   Sides such as the Wanderers, Old Etonians and Oxford University dominated the era.   By the 1880s football had become an increasingly important business dominated by professional clubs run as companies, playing on their own grounds, and using paid players and officials who saw the game as a career.   Although a team sport, it was soon apparent that the presence of star players attracted bigger crowds.  Despite the Football Association’s commitment to amateurism, it was already clear that what was later dubbed ‘shamateurism’ was rife.  The bigger clubs were enticing away the better players with large signing-on fees, the offer of a job, or payment in the form of lavish expenses and by putting money into players’ boots on match days.  In 1882 the Association reaffirmed its commitment to an amateur game, with payments strictly limited to out-of-pocket expenses.  Accrington were thrown out of the FA after being found guilty of paying one of their players, and Preston North End were disqualified from the FA Cup after admitting paying players.  Nevertheless, it was obvious that most clubs were prepared to pay their better players and for a time it seemed that football would split along the same geographical lines as rugby and form two separate leagues.  Matters came to a head in October 1884, when a number of northern clubs banded together with a view to setting up a professional football league.  In July 1885, the FA succumbed to the inevitable and legalised professionalism.   Appropriately the FA cup final that year featured Queens Park, the last amateur team to play in football’s most glamorous occasion. For some time after the legalization of professionalism in 1885, amateur teams competed side by side with their paid colleagues, but in 1907 the amateurs approved the establishment of an Amateur Football Association (now the Amateur Football Alliance). The Scots, on the other hand, remained steadfastly opposed to the introduction of professionalism until 1893. The most vocal opponents to its introduction was Queen's Park and the Scottish press, who regularly described footballers who were tempted south as "base mercenaries " or "traitorous wretches".   On an individual basis, amateur players continued to play for the England team until the Second World War – the last to appear for England while playing with a non-league side (Dulwich Hamlet) was Edgar Kail in 1929. The last amateur to play for England was Bernard Joy of Arsenal who played for England in 1936. Although Joy was playing for Arsenal at the time, he was still registered as a Casuals player. Joy was a teacher as he continued to play for Arsenal, mainly deputising for the Gunners' established centre-half Herbie Roberts. Roberts suffered a broken leg in October 1937 and Joy took his place in the side for the remainder of the 1937–38 season, winning a First Division winners' medal, and then, with Roberts having retired from the game, on through the 1938–39 season (earning a 1938 Charity Shield winners' medal in the process).